HORDB

General Information

ID: hor006376
Uniprot ID: P01275
Protein name: Glucagon-like peptide 2
Gene name: GCG
Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Family: Glucagon family
Source: Human
Expression: [Glucagon]: Release is stimulated by hypoglycemia and inhibited by hyperglycemia, insulin, and somatostatin. |[Glucagon]: Secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. [Glucagon-like peptide 2]: Secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the ga
Disease: Diseases associated with GCG include Dumping Syndrome and Hyperglycemia.
Comments: NA
Taxonomy: Homo (genus), Homininae (subfamily), Hominidae (family), Hominoidea (superfamily), Catarrhini (parvorder), Simiiformes (infraorder), Haplorrhini (suborder), Primates (order), Euarchontoglires (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
GO MF: GO:0005102 signaling receptor binding; GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0005515 protein binding; GO:0031769 glucagon receptor binding; GO:0042802 identical protein binding; GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity
GO BP: GO:0006094 gluconeogenesis; GO:0007186 G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:0007188 adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:0007189 adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:0007631 feeding behavior; GO:0010737 protein kinase A signaling; GO:0010800 positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; GO:0014823 response to activity; GO:0033138 positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; GO:0035774 positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus; GO:0042593 glucose homeostasis; GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process; GO:0045722 positive regulation of gluconeogenesis; GO:0050796 regulation of insulin secretion; GO:0050896 response to stimulus; GO:0051571 obsolete positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation; GO:0070374 positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; GO:0071377 cellular response to glucagon stimulus; GO:0090280 positive regulation of calcium ion import; GO:1900118 negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
GO CC: GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space; GO:0005737 cytoplasm; GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen; GO:0005886 plasma membrane; GO:0034774 secretory granule lumen

Sequence Information

Sequence: HADGSFSDEMNTILDNLAARDFINWLIQTKITD
Length: 33(146-178)
Propeptide: MKSIYFVAGLFVMLVQGSWQRSLQDTEEKSRSFSASQADPLSDPDQMNEDKRHSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNTKRNRNNIAKRHDEFERHAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGRGRRDFPEEVAIVEELGRRHADGSFSDEMNTILDNLAARDFINWLIQTKITDRK
Signal peptide: MKSIYFVAGLFVMLVQGSWQ
Modification: T5 Phosphoserine;T7 Phosphoserine
Glycosylation: NA
Mutagenesis: NA

Activity

Function: [Glucagon]: Plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypogl
Mechanism: In the glucagon antagonist, His-53 and Phe-58 are missing. This antagonist has been successfully utilized to reduce glucose concentration in vivo.
Cross BBB: NA
Target: GCGR, GLP1R
Target Unid: P47871, P43220
IC50: NA
EC50: NA
ED50: NA
kd: NA
Half life: 408 seconds ( PubMed ID: 17107718 )

Structure

Disulfide bond: NA
Structure ID: AF-P01275-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)

hor006376_AF2.pdb

hor006376_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass:	433715	Formula:	C165H254N44O55S
Absent amino acids:	CPVY	Common amino acids:	D
pI:	4.01	Basic residues:	3
Polar residues:	9	Hydrophobic residues:	13
Hydrophobicity:	-28.18	Boman Index:	-6406
Half-Life:	3.5 hour	Half-Life Yeast:	10 min
Half-Life E.Coli:	>10 hour	Aliphatic Index	91.82
Instability Index:	612.73	Extinction Coefficient cystines:	5500
Absorbance 280nm:	171.88

Literature

PubMed ID: 2901414
Title: Glucagon gene expression in vertebrate brain.
PubMed ID: 3725587
Title: Structure of the human glucagon gene.
PubMed ID: 6877358
Title: Exon duplication and divergence in the human preproglucagon gene.
PubMed ID: 15815621
Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.
PubMed ID: 15489334
Title: The status, quality, and
PubMed ID: 11946536
Title:
PubMed ID: 2753890
Title:
PubMed ID: 8482423
Title:
PubMed ID: 14557443
Title:
PubMed ID: 14632334
Title:
PubMed ID: 9287128
Title:
PubMed ID: 12651102
Title:
PubMed ID: 10605628
Title:
PubMed ID: 10322410
Title:
PubMed ID: 12626323
Title:
PubMed ID: 14719035
Title:
PubMed ID: 12554744
Title:
PubMed ID: 22037645
Title:
PubMed ID: 9667960
Title:
PubMed ID: 11943215
Title:
PubMed ID: 12627948
Title:
PubMed ID: 17107718
Title: